Researchers have reported the first successful use of a genetically engineered high-POA-producing strain of the heterotrophic microalga Prototheca moriformis, pointing to its potential as a production host rather than just a lab-scale system.
That distinction is relevant for an ingredient that has seen growing interest but limited scale.
The study, which was partially funded by Société des Produits Nestlé SA and California-based biotech company Checkerspot, builds on earlier work, including a review published in February that summarized existing evidence around POA’s potential roles in skin health and metabolic function. In the review, which received no external funding, researchers highlighted a mix of in vitro, animal and limited human data, pointing to possible benefits in skin barrier function, hydration and lipid metabolism.
Diving deep into the data
For POA suppliers, most material is sourced from sea buckthorn, with some contribution from fish-derived sources, and both can be difficult to standardize. “It’s a relatively unstandardized domestic crop, and it’s very affected by seasonal variations,” Casey Lippmeier, CTO of Checkerspot, told NutraIngredients in an exclusive first-look interview.
For manufacturers, that variability can show up quickly, whether in potency, formulation decisions or finished product claims.
The new study focuses instead on controlled production. As reported by researchers, the engineered P. moriformis strain reached more than 50% POA of total fatty acids during screening, compared to under 1% in the original strain. In shake-flask experiments, levels climbed to 58.2%.
When tested in a 1 L fed-batch fermentation, the system produced 47.8 g/L of lipids with POA accounting for 43.5% after 96 hours, or roughly 20.8 g/L. The authors note that the profile shifted somewhat at higher cell densities, but the overall POA enrichment remained.
They also point back to earlier work showing that P. moriformis can be run at much larger fermentation volumes, which is where the commercial argument starts to take shape.
In consideration of commercialization
From an industry standpoint, the appeal is fairly straightforward. Fermentation offers more control than agricultural or marine sourcing, both in terms of inputs and output consistency.
That feeds into cost as well. “We have a much more stable cost proposition for the long term,” Lippmeier said, pointing to reduced exposure to fisheries and other constrained raw materials.
For now, most commercial activity around POA remains in supplements and beauty-from-within, where the ingredient already has some traction. Evidence on skin hydration and barrier function is often cited, while metabolic benefits remain under exploration.
If supply becomes more predictable, though, the range of applications could widen. The study itself points to potential across nutrition, personal care and related categories, assuming further work on both process optimization and clinical validation.
At this stage, the science around POA is still evolving. The manufacturing side, however, may be starting to catch up.
I wrote this guide because we get a huge number of questions on this topic, and there is no definitive set of guidelines on the subject. There are a few good resources, but the information can be contradictory: one person says clary sage is no problem, another says avoid it at all costs. A practitioner with Traditional Chinese Medicine training avoids evergreen oils in pregnancy, while a traditionally trained aromatherapist uses them to increase energy and stamina. In addition, you probably have friends and coworkers who are promoting essential oils from multilevel marketing companies. In short, a pregnant person can end up pretty confused about the whether or not to avoid essential oils during pregnancy.
Are Essential Oils Safe During Pregnancy?
The short answer? Yes! As a western-trained physician and CEO of a natural skincare company, I’ve looked at the data, read the studies, and sought the opinions of expert aromatherapists. Below is my common sense guide to using essential oils in pregnancy that synthesizes all this great information while keeping a connection to evidence-based medicine. The chart below lists essential oils by category, to help you decide which oils, if any, you feel comfortable using. If you’re an aromatherapist, or working with one, you should feel free to explore the boundaries of this guide. But, if you just need some safe guidelines for using essential oils in pregnancy, here they are.
Why Avoid Synthetic Fragrance During Pregnancy?
Synthetic fragrance is one of the least transparent ingredients in personal care products. The single word “fragrance” or “parfum” can represent dozens—or even hundreds—of undisclosed chemicals, many of which are used to stabilize scent.
One of the most common categories of these chemicals is phthalateswhich are used to help fragrance last longer. Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors and have been associated with hormone disruption, reproductive effects, and developmental concerns.
Unlike essential oils, which are derived from plants, synthetic fragrance compounds are often petroleum-based and designed for consistency and longevity—not biological compatibility.
This is one of the reasons I recommend avoiding synthetic fragrance not just during pregnancy, but in general.
Are Essential Oils Safer Than Synthetic Fragrance?
When used properly, high-quality essential oils are generally a safer option than synthetic fragrance.
That does not mean they are risk-free. Essential oils are potent, biologically active compounds, and they require thoughtful use—especially during pregnancy. Some components can cross the placenta, and certain oils are not appropriate depending on timing, dose, and individual sensitivity.
However, professional aromatherapy organizations note that therapeutic-quality essential oils, used in low dilution, present relatively low risk compared to synthetic fragrance compounds.
In practical terms:
Synthetic fragrance = unknown mixture, often containing endocrine disruptors
Essential oils = known plant-derived compounds, used in controlled dilution
That’s why, in well-formulated skincare, a low concentration of appropriate essential oils is often a more transparent and biologically aligned choice than synthetic fragrance.
As always, pregnancy is a time to simplify. If your skin becomes reactive or your sense of smell shifts (which it often does), unscented products are the safest route.
How to Use Essential Oils Safely During Pregnancy
Internal essential oils should be avoided during pregnancy because taking essential oils by mouth results in the greatest exposure to the developing baby. If you plan to use essential oils orally, you must do so under the guidance of a trained expert. They are potent medicines, and even beautiful, fragrant plants can be toxic!
Using undiluted essential oils on the skin during pregnancy (and most other times) is not safe for many essential oils. Generally, I do not recommend undiluted topical application during pregnancy.
Other methods of essential oil use include baths, inhalation, wash-off products, and leave-on products. This will come down to personal choice, but the safest plan is one you’ve heard before: everything in moderation! Use appropriate essential oils (see chart) moderately and in low concentrations.
Keep in mind that your skin and your nose can be much more sensitive during pregnancyso less is more. It’s a time of many fluctuations, and skin issues during pregnancy are (unfortunately) not uncommon. Of note, phototoxicity is more common in pregnancy, so I’ve included a section in the chart about phototoxic oils.
If you find that your skin is super sensitive or reactive during pregnancy, stick to unscented products.
Lastly, and very importantly, remember that just because you used an essential oil in pregnancy does not mean it’s safe for your newborn baby! Babies have sensitive skin, developing systems, and immature immune function, so most essential oils are too potent for babies under one year of age. I recommend using unscented products on babies under one, and then incorporating appropriate oils in moderation, with the guidance of an accredited aromatherapist.
Diffusing Essential Oils During Pregnancy
Diffusing essential oils is one of the lowest-risk ways to use them during pregnancy because exposure is relatively minimal compared to topical or internal use.
That said, more is not better. Use a few drops at a time, keep the room well ventilated, and take breaks rather than diffusing continuously.
If a scent makes you feel nauseated, headachy, or off in any way, trust that signal and turn it off. Pregnancy is not the time to push through discomfort in the name of wellness.
Which Essential Oils Are Safe During Pregnancy?
This essential oils safety chart is based on several factors. First, I reviewed the scientific information available online, including guidelines from the International Federation of Professional Aromatherapists (IFPA) and the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA). Then, I reached out to several nationally known aromatherapists** and had them review this chart, incorporating most of their suggestions. If you want to dig deeper on the available data, check out Essential Oil Safety by Robert Tisserand.
FAQ: Essential Oils and Pregnancy
Can essential oils cause miscarriage?
There is no evidence that normal, diluted use of appropriate essential oils causes miscarriage. Problems arise with excessive use, internal use, or highly concentrated exposure.
Are essential oils safe in the first trimester?
Most caution comes from the first trimester, when fetal development is most sensitive. Using essential oils sparingly, in low dilution, and avoiding internal use is a reasonable approach.
Which essential oils should be avoided during pregnancy?
There is no universally agreed-upon list, which is part of the confusion. Some oils are more commonly cautioned against based on historical use or theoretical concerns. Reference the chart above to decide what feels right for you.
Is lavender oil safe during pregnancy?
Lavender is generally considered one of the gentler essential oils and is commonly used during pregnancy in low concentrations, though individual sensitivity always matters.
Can I use essential oils on my baby after birth?
No. Most essential oils are too potent for babies under one year of age. Stick to unscented products unless working with a trained professional.
Common Sense and Moderation
Above all, remember that most essential oils (except those in the first section of the table below) are safe in pregnancy when used in low dilutions, like a couple drops in a bath, a diffuser, or a massage oil. There are zero studies showing evidence of birth defects or miscarriages due to “normal use” of appropriate essential oils. Using large, undiluted quantities of any essential oils, either internally or on the skin, is a bad idea during pregnancy—and all other times!
If you have questions, please email us anytime at help@osmiaskincare.com—we’re here to help!
With love and wishes for a relaxed, healthy pregnancy,
The information contained in this post is for educational interest only. This information is not intended to be used for diagnosis or treatment of any physical or mental illness, disease, or skin conditions.
**Very special thanks to Robert Tisserand, Hope Gillerman, and Amy Galper for their expertise and guidance. Though I may not please them all with my compilation of their opinions, I am fairly certain nobody will gasp in horror, and I am very certain this article provides safe guidelines for expectant mothers.
References:
National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA). Pregnancy Guidelines. Read Guidelines
National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA). Safety in Aromatherapy. Explore Safety Information
Tisserand R, Young R. Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals2nd Edition.
“Dating apps aren’t inherently unsafe, but misleading AI-generated content is making it much harder to know who to trust: our research shows 84% of UK dating app users think AI content has made online dating less trustworthy,” reveals Mick Amelishko, AI Advocate at full-cycle verification platform Sumsub. “Despite that, over half of users are open to using AI to edit or generate profile content.”
“Powerful, readily-available AI image platforms make it easy for dating app fraudsters to pull off sophisticated, multi-level scams. Next-gen AI tools, like the one used to create the viral Stranger Things deepfakes, allow bad actors to generate highly convincing images, videos and audio to make fake profiles more believable and build rapport with victims.”
“Over a quarter of users say they struggle to identify deepfakes or AI-altered profiles. This makes your standard online safety starting points – like asking for voice notes or personalised videos – much less reassuring.”
How can you keep safe when dating online?
“Check profiles for consistency across images, personal details and behaviour over time,” shares Amelishko. “Moving to real-time interaction early, such as a video call, helps confirm that a person matches their profile.”
“Give potential scammers as little to work with as possible,” Amelishko continues. “Be mindful of the personal details you share with potential dates before you meet up in-person: personal, financial or sensitive details should not be disclosed to someone only known through an app.”
“This being said, users shouldn’t have to deal with deepfake scammers alone. Dating platform providers have a responsibility to verify user identities and prevent misleading content from circulating. This means moving verification and liveness checks beyond the signup stage, introducing dynamic verification based on suspicious behaviour, and taking the time to educate users on what AI is capable of and how to stay ahead of it.”
Should you specify if you’ve never dated the same-sex before?
“In my opinion, there is no fixed rule that says you have to disclose that you’ve never dated someone of the same gender,” explains Dr Lalitaa Suglani, eHarmony’s relationship expert. “However, it can be important to consider the dynamic, your values, the other person involved, and how they might feel.”
“For some people, that information may feel significant in terms of expectations, emotional readiness, or how they choose to engage. So, it tends to be less about obligation and more about mutual respect and transparency.”
“It might be useful to reflect on your intention for not wanting to share this, as it ultimately comes down to your values, your comfort, the kind of connection you want to build, and how safe you feel.”
“If it feels relevant, it will often come up naturally in conversation. Sharing it openly, without shame or over-explaining, can actually create more trust and ease on both sides as you get to know each other.”
Where can bisexual people meet other bisexuals offline?
“Everyone is coming offline lately,” shares Edward Reese, Community Manager, Gender and Sexuality Expert at Taimi. “I’d recommend checking for local queer events, speed-dating mingles, and community centers. We’re all for bi4bi – bisexual folks still face stigma and discrimination even in the LGBTQ+ community, and sometimes it’s easier to connect to those who understand the struggle.”
There are plenty of great queer events, whether those are for dating or friendship. If nothing else, you might have luck at a queer bar or club night!
How do you avoid the ‘male gaze’ when dating the same sex?
As a bisexual woman, it can be hard to unlearn the lessons of heterosexual dating. Even to start dressing for yourself rather than the patriarchy. So how can you enter bisexual dating without the anchors of the ‘male gaze’?
“Firstly, it’s not about assuming there won’t be dynamics like dominance or differing energies, because those can absolutely still exist in queer relationships,” explains Dr Suglani. “We need to be mindful that every connection is unique, as each person will have different needs.”
“The key difference is that the ‘male gaze’ is rooted in societal conditioning around performance, objectification, and external validation,” she continues. “So, the focus is less on trying to eliminate certain dynamics and more on becoming aware of whether you’re acting from authenticity or from learned patterns of needing to perform, please, or be seen in a certain way.”
“Even within dynamics where one person feels more dominant, there can still be mutual consent, presence, and genuine connection, rather than unconscious performance. It’s about staying connected and grounded in your own desires, boundaries, and truth within whatever dynamic naturally unfolds between two people.”
Any tips for dating as someone new to their bisexuality?
I’ve been there, and it can feel scary. Suddenly, you might know exactly how to navigate dating the opposite sex, but feel completely clueless when it comes to your own, more familiar gender. The truth is, everyone starts somewhere — whether that was at 13, 21, or 49.
The right person will never judge you for being new to your journey.
Treat it like you would any other dating experience: be open and honest about your concerns and insecurities, don’t rush anything physical if you’re not ready, and think about what you actually enjoy in dating… and in the bedroom. There are plenty of great tips online and across social media, and it helps to make some queer friends along the way, so you have people you can talk to openly about your experiences.
Many apps now let you filter for attraction to multiple genders, but are there actually features that reflect that in practice? Is the pool genuinely full of queer users, or does it still skew heavily towards straight men? And crucially, can you match with fellow bisexuals (arguably the hottest people on dating apps)?
Of course, it’s not just my opinion that counts. I’m writing from the perspective of a bisexual cis woman, but dating — and bisexuality — is far from one-size-fits-all. I wanted this to reflect the full spectrum of bi experiences, whether that’s dating sites for single parents, dating apps for over 40s, or somewhere in between.
That’s why I tapped in expert advice, user reviews, fellow Glamour editors’ experiences, and, of course, my IRL bisexual besties. And rest assured: if I wouldn’t recommend an app to a friend, it didn’t make the cut.
Well, to put it bluntly: I’m bisexual and an ecommerce writer specialising in dating, sex and relationships. I know, it doesn’t get much more on-brand than that.
I’ve been writing about the weird and wonderful world of love and lust for over four years now, and I’ve been dabbling in dating apps for even longer. At this point, I’ve seen it all: terrible first dates, sweet second dates, heartbreaking situationships, long-term relationships, and, of course, breakups. Oh, I know breakups.
In short, I know the best and the worst of the dating app world, and, crucially, where to find people of all genders as a bisexual who doesn’t want to limit themselves.
In a large warehouse, bales of plastic waste reveal logos that are quite familiar to French consumers — Tex-Mex ready meals, red and blue soda brands, snack wrappers, etc. Compacted into bundles weighing over 420 kilos by waste management specialist Paprec, the material is then delivered to the TotalEnergies site.
“Zero-oil platform”
Rather than being incinerated or landfilled — like roughly three-quarters of plastic waste in France — this by-product of consumer society is, the group says, destined for a more virtuous use: helping close the loop on plastic production by substituting for naphtha, its primary raw material.
Naphtha is largely a product of oil refining—the very activity that defined the vast Grandpuits gigantic facility for decades. Since 1967, the site produced gasoline and diesel for road transport, kerosene for aviation, fuel oil, as well as gas and naphtha. But in 2020, a leak in the pipeline supplying crude oil from Le Havre prompted the hydrocarbon giant to convert the huge industrial site into a “zero-oil platform.” Since then, some of the project’s initial ambitions have been scaled back, with several planned activities put on hold.
However, on Thursday, March 19, TotalEnergies announced the launch of what it describes as “France’s first advanced plastics recycling plant,” using a technology developed by the British firm Plastic Energy. Last August, the company said it had produced plastic pyrolysis oil — marketed under the brand name “Tacoil” — at its plant in Geleen, Netherlands, operated in partnership with the Saudi chemicals giant Sabic.
At the Grandpuits site, the first tanker truck of Tacoil — a dark, flammable oil — left in early March for Antwerp, Belgium, where TotalEnergies operates a refining and petrochemicals platform, according to site director Guillaume Alliot. This hydrocarbon can be used to produce recycled plastics “of the same quality as virgin plastics,” the group said in a press release. TotalEnergies sources its plastic waste from Paprec and the eco-organization Citeo.
The project’s scale remains limited. The facility can process up to 15,000 tonnes of waste a year — less than 0.3% of the 5.5 million tonnes of household packaging expected to be placed on the French market in 2024according to Citeo. At full capacity, it would generate roughly one truckload of pyrolysis oil per day — a drop in the ocean.
Challenging the “recycling myth”
The economic model for chemical plastic recycling “is still under construction,” and “it will take years before the activity reaches significant production volumes,” Jean-Yves Daclin, Managing Director for France at Plastics Europe — the industry association — told AFP in early February. The process is energy-intensive and costly, while demand for the resulting materials remains limited for the time being.
Beth Gardiner, author of Plastic Inc. — a book on an industry set to produce a record 430.9 million tonnes of virgin plastic worldwide in 2024 — notes that pyrolysis oil must be “blended with large amounts of virgin naphtha” from petroleum to create new plastic. “The industry is really trying to sell chemical recycling as a miracle solution” to the plastic waste crisis, she adds, “but the evidence simply isn’t there.”
The NGO Zero Waste also criticizes the process for perpetuating the “myth” of infinitely recyclable plastic, when in fact this material degrades throughout its lifespan.
Nonetheless, chemical recycling is one of the solutions authorities are exploring to reduce pollution from plastic packaging. In early February, the 27 member states of the European Union approved its inclusion in the mandatory recycled content requirements for plastic bottles.
At 100% PUREour formulas aren’t created in a kitchen; they are engineered in an ISO-certified laboratory by some of the brightest minds in cosmetic chemistry science. While many “natural” brands rely on “kitchen chemistry”—unstable, DIY-style mixing that can lead to inconsistent results—we believe that your skin deserves a higher standard.
Meet Dr. Cody Chalker, PhD. As our Director of R&D, Dr. Chalker is the guardian of our Science-Backed Purity. His role is to ensure that Susie Wang’s visionary use of high-potency botanicals is supported by laboratory stability and high bioavailability. This is what we call “Conscious Chemistry”—the bridge between the raw power of nature and the rigorous safety of the lab.
When you use our products, you are experiencing “Radical Integrity.” This isn’t just about what we leave out; it’s about the PhD-led engineering that goes into every bottle. We don’t just “source” beauty; we architect it at Purity Park, our facility in San Jose, CA. By owning our manufacturing and our science, we provide the “Mind” proof that your skin can trust.
The Stabilization Challenge: Protecting the “Silent Genius”
One of the most complex challenges in expert backed beauty is the inherent instability of nature. High-potency botanicals are, by their very nature, “alive” and reactive. They want to oxidize, degrade, and lose their biological “pulse” the moment they hit the air or are exposed to light.
The Problem of Oxidation
As our history shows—dating back to Susie Wang’s discovery of brown, oxidized Vitamin C serums in 2004—degraded ingredients aren’t just ineffective; they can become “pro-oxidants” that stress the skin. This is the central conflict of the “Clean” world: how do you keep a formula pure without letting it spoil?
The Solution: Stabilization Mechanisms
This is where Dr. Chalker’s “Strategic Pragmatism” becomes our greatest asset. He works to create nature-identical environments that keep vitamins and oils in their most effective state throughout their shelf life.
Instead of relying on harsh industrial preservatives or unstable fillers, we utilize lab-refined stabilization techniques. This includes our proprietary work with oil-based barriers that “shield” water-sensitive vitamins from the air. By understanding the molecular behavior of these antioxidants, Dr. Chalker ensures that when you open a bottle of 100% PURE, the nutrients are just as active as they were the day they were extracted.
Vertical Integration: The Chain of Custody
This level of precision can only happen because of our Vertical Integration. We don’t outsource our science to third-party labs where the “Chain of Custody” can be broken. Every molecule is tracked and tested at Purity Park. This allows us to maintain MOCRA-compliant standards and provide a level of transparency that “sourced” brands simply cannot match. We own the labs, we own the sun that powers them, and we own the responsibility for your skin’s health.
Engineering for Dermal Absorption: The “Silicon Valley Halo”
Located in the heart of Silicon Valley, our San Jose laboratory benefits from a “Halo” of innovation. We apply the same level of rigorous engineering to our skincare that tech companies apply to hardware. This is the technical side of our “Science of Silence”—Frequency A.
Molecular Engineering vs. Harsh Penetrants
It is a common misconception that for a product to “sink in,” it must contain harsh chemical penetrants or alcohol. In reality, effective dermal absorption is a matter of molecular weight and emulsion science.
Dr. Chalker and his team focus on the “gatekeeper” function of the skin barrier. If a molecule is too large or doesn’t speak the skin’s language, it will simply sit on top of the face, causing “noise” and irritation. We engineer our products to be nature-identical, meaning their lipid structures mimic the skin’s own natural oils. This allows them to glide past the barrier and deliver nutrients where they are needed most.
Lab Mastery: Pickering Emulsions and Nano Spinning
To achieve this without the use of harmful industrial byproducts, we utilize advanced techniques like Pickering Emulsions. In conventional beauty, harsh chemical emulsifiers are used to bind oil and water. In a Pickering Emulsion, we use solid particles—such as high-purity minerals or ultra-fine clays—to stabilize the interface between oil and water droplets.
This results in a formula that is ultra-stable, highly absorbent, and incredibly gentle on “Wise Skin.” We also explore techniques like Nano Spinning, which allows us to create ultra-fine textures that provide a “Vibrant” sensory experience while maintaining the “Quiet” restoration of Frequency A. This is the ultimate “Mind” proof of our laboratory mastery.
A PhD-Approved Ritual of Resilience
To see this engineering in action, look no further than The Sensitive-Skin Strength Ritual. Each product in this sequence has been refined by Dr. Chalker and his team to provide a cumulative, restorative effect.
The Science: This cleanser is engineered for a specific pH that respects the skin’s acid mantle. Dr. Chalker ensures that the stabilized calendula hydrosols remain active during the wash process, providing a “silent” start that hydrates while it cleanses. It is a masterpiece of gentle, lab-refined chemistry.
2.Matcha Oat Face Scrub& 3.Matcha Oat Milk Nourishing Mask
The Science: These products are the pinnacle of antioxidant stabilization. Matcha is notoriously prone to oxidation, but our San Jose lab uses Conscious Chemistry to ensure the polyphenols (EGCG) remain potent. The oat milk is engineered into a non-drying, creamy emulsion that provides a “meditation” phase for your pores, allowing for deep dermal absorption without the irritation of traditional clay masks.
The Science: These represent the final “Spine” of your protection. TheIntensive Nourishing Facial Oil uses lightweight, stabilized oils that won’t turn “pro-oxidant.” The Seaberry Moisturizer is a breakthrough in Omega-7 delivery. Dr. Chalker’s work ensures these fragile lipids are protected until they hit your skin, where they immediately begin to rebuild the barrier. It is the definitive answer to the question of skin resilience.
Conclusion: Purity Is a Verified Standard
At 100% PURE, we believe that purity isn’t just a promise or a marketing label—it’s a verified, scientific standard. With Dr. Cody Chalker, PhD, at the helm of our R&D, we continue to lead the industry in Science-Backed Purity.
We have moved past the outdated terminology of “chemical-free” and into a future where we choose toxin-free, high-performance solutions. We choose safety over dogma and stability over trends. When you choose our PhD-refined ritual, you are choosing a system that has passed the ultimate clinical trial: your daily life.
The PURE “Happy Promise”
Our science is your security. We are so confident in the stability and efficacy of our formulas that we offer our Happy Promise. If you don’t love your results within 60 days, we’ll take it back. Pure and simple. We gladly offer an exchange or refund on gently used products within 60 days of purchase from 100percentpure.com (minus shipping costs).
FAQ Section: The Science of Your Skin
Who is Dr. Cody Chalker?
Dr. Cody Chalker, PhD, is our Director of Research and Development. With a background in advanced chemistry and molecular science, he oversees our ISO-certified laboratory in San Jose. His role is to ensure that every formula we produce is MOCRA-compliant, ultra-stable, and biologically effective. He is the scientific “Spine” that supports the brand’s vision of Science-Backed Purity.
What is a “stabilized” formula?
A stabilized formula means that the active ingredients—like Vitamin C, Omega-7, or botanical antioxidants—remain potent and safe throughout the product’s shelf life. Without stabilization, these ingredients can oxidize and become “pro-oxidants” that irritate the skin. We use lab-refined techniques and Vertical Integration to ensure our formulas stay “fresh” from the moment they are made at Purity Park until they reach your vanity.
Why does 100% PURE use a PhD to design “pure” products?
Nature is incredibly complex. To extract the most benefit from a plant without using harmful industrial byproducts requires a deep understanding of molecular chemistry. It takes advanced science to keep nature safe, stable, and effective for “Wise Skin.” By employing a PhD-led team, we ensure that our products aren’t just “natural,” but are biologically superior and radically effective.
Is it safe to use “nature-identical” minerals in makeup?
Yes. In our revised makeup narrative, we lead with our signature fruit pigments for “sensory joy,” but we supplement with high-purity, responsibly screened minerals when necessary for stability and performance. This hybrid model—the “New Standard of Clean”—ensures that your makeup lasts all day while remaining toxin-free and safe for your barrier.
Experience the power of PhD-led beauty. Experience 100% PURE
“A solid perfume is a concentrated fragrance blended with a waxy base like beeswax or shea butter,” says Isaac Lekach, cofounder of Flower Shop Perfumes Co. According to Lekach, solid perfume is meant to be applied directly to the skin, leaving behind a subtle, long-lasting scent.
How is a solid perfume different from a liquid perfume?
Daryl Do, senior perfumer at Delbia Do, says one of the biggest differences between solid and liquid perfumes is that the former (usually) doesn’t contain alcohol. “Solid perfumes are an option for those who may be allergic to alcohol or don’t like the vapor from it,” he says. “This is a favorite for people who are concerned about the drying effects of alcohol on their skin.”
Lekach adds that solids usually have a lower concentration than an eau de parfum, but that doesn’t significantly affect their performance. “While some may contain a higher oil concentration and have a slightly better performance, the scent itself would smell the same as in other applications,” he says.
Meet the experts
How we test and review products
Before reviewing any makeup, we ask questions about a number of factors: What ingredients are in it? Does the brand offer a wide shade range inclusive of consumers with all skin tones and undertones? Is it safe for readers who have sensitive skin or wear contact lenses? Is it on the affordable side or more of a splurge? Is its packaging consciously designed or needlessly wasteful?
For our review of the best solid perfumes, we enlisted the help of multiple editors, writers, contributors, and Korean beauty experts to review the products. This ensures our testing base spans different skin tones, genders, and dermatological conditions. We considered each product’s performance across four primary categories: ingredients, wear and longevity, packaging, and inclusivity. For more on what’s involved in our reporting, check out our complete reviews process and methodology page.
Our staff and testers
A beauty product is a personal purchase. You might be searching for a face cream to address persistent dryness or a new nail product to add to your Sunday self-care routine; you may simply be browsing around for the latest launches to hit the hair market. No matter what you seek or your individual needs and concerns, Allure wants to ensure that you love anything we recommend in our stories. We believe that having a diverse team of writers and editors—in addition to the wide range of outside testers and industry experts we regularly call upon—is essential to reaching that goal.
After all, can we really say a skin-care product is the “best” for people over 50 if the only testers we’ve solicited opinions from folks who have yet to hit 30? Can we honestly deem a high-end diffuser worthy of your hard-earned cash if it’s never been tested on curls? We’re proud that our staff spans a wide range of ages, skin tones, hair textures, genders, and backgrounds, which means that we are able to fairly assess any beauty product that comes into the beauty closet.
Shanghai readies to welcome the global fragrance community as Notes Shanghai—Asia’s leading fragrance fair—returns to the West Bund International Convention and Exhibition Center for its Spring edition, 2–5 April 2026in a celebration of olfactory artistry, under the theme “Boundless.”
The event will draw over 150 exhibitorsrepresenting over 200 independent brands from over 30 countries and regions, including Australia, China, France, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. Spanning 6,000 sqm, this edition of Notes Shanghai is expected to attract more than 8,000 professional visitorscomprising distributors, retailers, e-commerce platforms, influencers, and investors, among other industry participants.
The exhibitor line-up features a blend of established icons and emerging innovators, including Boadicea the Victorious (UK), Ella K (France), Etat Libre d’Orange (France), Farmacia SS. Annunziata 1561 (Italy), Fragrance Du Bois (France), Matière Première (France), MDCI Parfums (France), MEO FUSCIUNI (Italy), Mobius (China), Nicolaï Perfumer-Creator (France), Papillon Artisan Perfumes (UK), Parfums Dusita (France), The OBA (Thailand), Voice From The Sky (China), and Zhu Fu (China).
Additionally, some of the world’s leading flavour and fragrance houses – CPL Aromas, dsm-firmenich, Givaudan, and IFF – will each present dedicated showcases at the fair. The displays will address pivotal industry topics, from raw materials and perfume design to practical applications, offering fresh ideas and professional insights aimed at driving progress within the sector.
The upcoming Notes Shanghai will also feature The Odyssey of Perfume History Season 2 – Perfume Families, a journey through the legacy of timeless fragrances co-organised with France’s Osmothèque, the world’s only perfume conservatory. The show will also pay tribute to perfumer Dominique Ropionwho has shaped the fragrance industry, inviting visitors to explore the heritage and evolving artistry of perfumery.
Commenting on the fair’s return, Edward Che, General Manager of Messe Frankfurt Shenzhenhighlighted the growing momentum: “Entering the second year of our strategic collaboration with Notes Shanghai Exhibition, we are excited to deliver even greater impact for the niche fragrance sector with the spring edition. By leveraging our global Beautyworld network and resources, we are dedicated to expanding the fair’s reach, cultivating innovation, and introducing more international brands to China. The strong take-up reflects confidence in this dynamic market.”
“Notes Shanghai works to deepen connections and drive progress within one of the world’s largest fragrance markets. We are seeing that consumer choices are becoming more diversified, with a stronger focus on cultural storytelling and emotional resonance. This edition is themed ’Boundless’, aiming to transcend cultural and creative boundaries, and to provide fragrance creators with an open, cross-disciplinary platform where inspiration flows freely and diverse expressions and collaborations are encouraged,” added Alex Wu, Founder of Notes Shanghai Exhibition.
For more information about Notes Shanghai, visit: www.notesshanghai.com
Which Osmia Skincare Products Are Safe During Pregnancy?
Pregnancy is a great time to double-check your labels—and to rub a divine body mousse all over your cute little belly. But scanning ingredient lists can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re already navigating a tidal wave of information.
So, let’s make this simple.
At Osmia, we’ve already done a lot of the heavy lifting. We don’t use many of the more concerning ingredients often flagged during pregnancy—things like synthetic fragrance, parabens, phthalates, and harsh surfactants. But because essential oils are potent plant compounds, and not all of them are ideal during pregnancy, we’ve broken things down into clear categories.
As always, if you have questions, email us with any questions!
Osmia Products Without Essential Oils (Safest Option During Pregnancy)
If you’re looking for the most conservative, worry-free approach, this is your category.
These products contain no essential oils and are appropriate for use during pregnancy, postpartum, and even on your baby’s delicate skin (with one small exception noted below).
Oh So Soap
Oh So Detox Soap
Naked Body Soap
Naked Body Oil
Naked Body Mousse
Lip Doctor (contains lavender-infused oil, not essential oil)
Detox Exfoliating Mask
Purely Calm Gel Toner
These are your go-to products if your skin is feeling more sensitive than usual—or if you just want to keep things very simple.
Osmia Products Generally Considered Safe During Pregnancy
This group includes products that contain low concentrations of essential oils that are widely considered appropriate in pregnancyor products that are rinsed off the skinresulting in minimal exposure.
All facial soaps
Purely Gentle Mud Cleanser
Purely Simple Face Cream
Restore Facial Serum
Balance Facial Serum
Lip Repair
Nectar Nourishing Drops
All body soaps
Himalayan Body Buff
Lavender Body Mousse
Sunset Body Oil
Night Body Oil
A quick reminder—pregnancy can make your skin more reactive and your sense of smell more sensitive. If anything feels irritating or overwhelming, switch back to unscented products and keep things minimal.
Osmia Products To Use More Sparingly During Pregnancy
These products contain essential oils that are sometimes flagged by aromatherapy guidelines as best avoided or used cautiously during pregnancy.
The concentrations in our formulas are low, and likely safe for most people—but if you prefer a more conservative approach, you may want to limit or avoid these during pregnancy.
If you choose to use these, moderation is key—and always pay attention to how your skin responds.
A Quick Note on Essential Oils and Pregnancy
You’ll find a lot of conflicting information about essential oils during pregnancy—and honestly, that’s because the data is limited and the opinions vary.
Here’s the grounded, common-sense version:
Essential oils are potent, biologically active compounds
Most are safe when used in low concentrations and appropriate formulations
Undiluted use or excessive exposure is not a good idea—during pregnancy or otherwise
If you want to go deeper on this topic, we’ve created a full guide here:
Essential Oils During Pregnancy
Less Is More During Pregnancy
Your body is already doing something extraordinary. Hormones are shifting, your immune system is adapting, and your skin may behave in ways you don’t recognize.
This is not the time to overhaul your routine or experiment with a dozen new products.
Stick with:
Simple, gentle formulations
Fewer products overall
Ingredients your skin already knows and tolerates
And remember—your mom probably used a bar of soap and a basic lotion, and here you are.
Use these guidelines as a framework, not a source of stress.
With love for you and your big, beautiful belly,
The information contained in this post is for educational interest only. This information is not intended to be used for diagnosis or treatment of any physical or mental illness, disease, or skin conditions.
The rise in popularity of regenerative aesthetics is undeniable, with biostimulators leading the charge. The beauty of regenerative aesthetics, especially biostimulators, is that they use your own skin’s power to bring out your natural beauty.
Regenerative Biostimulators 101
Regenerative biostimulators work by activating the body’s own repair and renewal processes, rather than simply adding volume or creating a temporary effect. They aim for gradual, natural, long-lasting results. “Regenerative biostimulators are designed to wake up your own fibroblasts so you build new collagen and elastin over time. On top of acting like a space-occupying gel, they act like a temporary scaffold that signals the skin to repair, thicken and firm from within,” explains board-certified Pasadena facial plastic surgeon Kay Durairaj, MD.
“After injection, the particles sit in the deeper layers of the skin and soft tissue, creating gentle mechanical stimulation. This triggers neocollagenesis (new collagen production), neoelastogenesis (new elastin) and even improved microcirculation,” says Dr. Durairaj.
Dr. Durairaj explains that, “Over time, the carrier gel is resorbed and the particles are gradually broken down by the body. What remains is your own remodeled tissue—thicker dermis, better support and smoother transitions between facial compartments.”
Regenerative Biostimulators vs. Hyaluronic Acid Fillers
“Hyaluronic acid fillers are gels that give immediate volume and structure. They attract water, support the tissues mechanically and are excellent for precise shaping of lips, tear troughs and delicate contours,” says Dr. Durairaj. “Regenerative biostimulators provide some immediate support, but their main value is in stimulating collagen and elastin production over time. The results are more about improved firmness, elasticity and lift.”
The Radiesse Difference
Radiesse is one of the most popular options for regenerative biostimulators among those seeking a younger and healthier-looking complexion. “In my practice and research, Radiesse has become a workhorse for patients who want structural support and true tissue regeneration, especially in the midface and lower face where bone, face and skin are all changing at once,” says Dr. Durairaj.
Important Safety Information for RADIESSE® appears at the end of this article
Radiesse is a calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) biostimulator suspended in a gel carrier. It has a dual action: immediate structural support from the gel and delayed stimulation of collagen production from the CaHA microspheres as the gel is resorbed, says Dr. Durairaj. She notes, “This combination gives patients an early ‘lift’ with progressive improvement in firmness and contour over the following months.”
The biggest distinguishing factor for Radiesse, according to Dr. Durairaj, is its versatility. Outside of showing significant improvement of collagen and elastin versus baseline, Radiesse also shows a 48 percent improvement in skin thickness.1 Radiesse supports the formation of new microvessels, ensuring robust nutrients and oxygen delivery for optimally nourished skin. Radiesse also boasts strong evidence. “Histologic studies show robust stimulation of collagen types I and III, elastin and angiogenesis, which aligns with what I see clinically: better snap, density and luminosity of the skin rather than a ‘filled’ or puffy appearance,” says Dr. Durairaj.2
The Ideal Biostimulator Candidate
The best candidate is someone who is noticing laxity, deflation or ‘softening’ of their facial contours and wants a natural, gradual improvement on top of instant lift and contour, notes Dr. Durairaj, who has recommended it for patients from 30 through 70. She says signs of a good candidate include flattening of the cheeks, early jowling or loss of jawline definition, skin crepiness and volume loss on the backs of the hands. Dr. Durairaj notes it’s a prime option for patients who care about long-term skin health and collagen production. “They understand that results build over several months and that maintenance is part of a long game for aging well.”
Dr. Durairaj notes that Radiesse is not appropriate for those who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or have active infections or uncontrolled autoimmune disease in the treatment area. Additionally, it might not be the best option for those who need very superficial fine-line refinement, in which case hyaluronic acid fillers or other approaches may be better suited.
Radiesse During Your GLP-1 Weight Loss Journey
Rapid weight loss that comes with GLP-1s often leaves the face a bit more gaunt than desired. “Rapid weight loss can deflate the midface, temples and lower face, making the face look drawn, older and more skeletal. You lose not only fat, but also support from fascia and skin thickness, so folds deepen and jowls show up sooner,” explains Dr. Durairaj.
It’s crucial to consider longevity when on GLP-1s, says Dr. Durairaj, who emphasizes the importance of “adequate protein intake, micronutrient support, hormones and lifestyle, since the goal is not only to fill a hollow face but to keep tissues strong as weight stabilizes.” She says, “When Radiesse is combined with healthy weight-maintenance and skin care, it becomes a powerful tool to help patients look like a fresher version of themselves rather than someone who suddenly lost a lot of volume.”
Actual patients. Individual results may vary.
References:
Silvers SL, et al. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;118(3 Suppl):34S–45S.
Aguilera SB, et al. Aesthetic Surg J. 2023;43(10):1063–1090.
Indication: RADIESSE® and RADIESSE® (+) Injectable Implants are FDA-approved for subdermal implantation for the correction of moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds, such as nasolabial folds. RADIESSE® is also indicated for hand augmentation to correct volume loss in the dorsum of the hands. Radiesse (+) injectable implant is also indicated for deep injection (subdermal and/or supraperiosteal) for soft tissue augmentation to improve moderate to severe loss of jawline contour in adults over the age of 21.
RADIESSE® and RADIESSE® (+) IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION:
Contraindications: These products are contraindicated for patients with severe allergies manifested by a history of anaphylaxis, or history or presence of multiple severe allergies; patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the components; and patients with bleeding disorders. RADIESSE® (+) is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to lidocaine or anesthetics of the amide type. Warnings: Introduction of product into the vasculature may lead to embolization, occlusion of the vessels, ischemia, or infarction. Take extra care when injecting soft tissue fillers, for example inject the product slowly and apply the least amount of pressure necessary. Rare but serious adverse events associated with the intravascular injection of soft tissue fillers in the face have been reported and include temporary or permanent vision impairment, blindness, cerebral ischemia or cerebral hemorrhage, leading to stroke, skin necrosis, and damage to underlying facial structures. Immediately stop the injection if a patient exhibits any of the following symptoms, including changes in vision, signs of a stroke, blanching of the skin, or unusual pain during or shortly after the procedure. The treating physician should be knowledgeable regarding any pretreatment evaluation and appropriate interventions in the event of intravascular disseminated injection. Prompt intervention by an appropriate medical specialist should be given should these signs or symptoms of intravascular injection occur.
Use of these products in any person with active skin inflammation or infection in or near the treatment should be deferred until the inflammatory or infectious process is controlled. Do not overcorrect (overfill) a contour deficiency with these products.
Injection into the dorsum of the hand may cause adverse events that last for more than 14 days, and may result in temporary difficulty performing activities (48% of study patients reported this adverse event). RADIESSE® may cause nodules, bumps or lumps in the dorsum of the hand (12% reported this event) and can last up to 1 year.
The safety and effectiveness for use in the lips has not been established. There have been published reports of nodules associated with the use of these products injected into the lips.
Precautions: In order to minimize the risk of potential complications, this product should only be used by healthcare practitioners who have appropriate training, experience and who are knowledgeable about the anatomy at and around the injection site. Healthcare practitioners should fully familiarize themselves with the product, the product educational materials and the entire package insert. The safety and effectiveness of RADIESSE® or RADIESSE® (+) in the following situations has not been established: • Beyond 3 years in the face and 1 year in the hand • In the periorbital area • Interactions between RADIESSE® or RADIESSE® (+) and drugs or other substances or implants • Use during pregnancy, or in breastfeeding women • In the face in patients under 18 years old • In the dorsum of the hand in patients under 26 years old and over 79 years old • In patients with increased susceptibility to keloid formation and hypertrophic scarring • With concomitant dermal therapies such as epilation, UV irradiation, or laser, mechanical, or chemical peeling procedures
These products contain calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) particles that are radiopaque and are clearly visible on CT Scans and may be visible in standard, plain radiography. As with all transcutaneous procedures, injection of these products carries a risk of infection. Injection in the jawline may temporarily alter jaw function. Use of RADIESSE® in the dorsum of the hand may result in significant swelling of the dorsum of the hand. To help avoid needle breakage, do not attempt to straighten a bent needle or cannula. Discard it and complete the procedure with a replacement needle. Patients who are using medications that can prolong bleeding, such as aspirin or warfarin, may experience increased bruising or bleeding at the injection site. Patients with a history of previous herpetic eruption may experience reactivation of the herpes. Patients should minimize strenuous activity and exposure of the treated area to extensive sun or heat exposure for approximately 24 hours after treatment or until any initial swelling and redness has resolved.
Adverse Events: Common adverse events observed in clinical studies of RADIESSE® or RADIESSE® (+) include bruising, redness, swelling, pain, itching, lumps/bumps at site of injection, difficulty chewing and other local side effects.
Cases of delayed-onset inflammation have been reported to occur at the dermal filler treatment site following viral or bacterial illnesses or infections, vaccinations, or dental procedures. Typically, the reported inflammation was responsive to treatment or resolved on its own.
Information on adverse events from post-market surveillance of RADIESSE® and RADIESSE® (+) are included in the Instructions for Use (IFU) and Patient Information Guide (PIG) based on an assessment of seriousness and potential causal relationship to RADIESSE® or RADIESSE® (+). Please see the IFU and PIG available at www.radiesse.com for a complete list of these events.
To report a problem with RADIESSE® or RADIESSE® (+), please call MyMerz Solutions at 1-844-469-6379.
For complete Safety Information please refer to the Instructions for Use at Radiesse.com.
When it comes to green flags in dating, “ambition” almost always ranks near the top. For many of us, that word conjures a specific archetype—someone with a good career, a six-figure salary, and a LinkedIn profile that reads like a highlight reel of promotions.
Ambition, drive, success—these are all valuable traits in partners and in ourselves. However, the issue is that these attributes have been flattened into something far more superficial and inaccurate, relationship experts warn. “We’ve turned ambition into shorthand for, ‘Does this person make enough money?’” Keisha Saunders-Waldron, LCMHCS, an Ohio-based therapist specializing in relationship dynamics, tells SELF. “When it’s really about whether you’re growing and living intentionally…or just drifting through life on autopilot.”
In her 20 years of practice, Saunders-Waldron says she’s seen this misconception sabotage relationships. “I’ve worked with so many couples where one person is ‘ambitious’ on paper but completely checked out and lazy at home,” she says. “I’ve also seen the reverse—rejecting partners who aren’t corporate climbers but deeply determined about raising kids thoughtfully, building community, learning new skills”—versions that matter far more than pay bumps and university degrees.
So what does a lack of ambition look like? Here are the biggest red flags to watch out for.
1. They show little interest in growing as a person.
“Ambition is about growth, not just achievement,” Saunders-Waldron says—meaning, it’s less about what they’ve already accomplished and more about whether they’re pushing themselves to be better.
Maybe they started going to therapy consistently after a difficult breakup in the past, or taught themselves how to cook (even if their chicken piccata still needs improvement…and more seasoning). According to Saunders-Waldron, “a person who’s invested in their own progress—even if it has nothing to do with their career—is going to be a much better partner than someone chasing promotions who hasn’t done any emotional work in their adult life.”
2. They talk about change but don’t act on it.
Anyone can want to switch jobs, move to a new city, or run a marathon. But ambition is what bridges the gap between intention and action.
That explains why those who lack it stay stuck in chronic passivity. “It’s the mindset of, ‘Oh, I’ll get to it.’ ‘I’ll work on it,’” Ciara Bogdanovic, LMFT, founder of Sagebrush Psychotherapy in Los Angeles, tells SELF. “They’re waiting for things to happen to them instead of taking the initiative themselves.” So they want to save money…but won’t adjust their spending budget. They hope to be healthier…yet refuse to cook at home or go for walks outside. Essentially, “there’s no action,” Bogdanovic says. “No follow-through.”
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